Posts tagged ‘Palestine’
The duty to recognize Palestine
Last week, culminating two years of intensive state-building efforts, Palestine Liberation Organization Chairman Mahmoud Abbas formally applied to the United Nations for the admission of the state of Palestine as its newest member. While the outcome and consequences of this controversial bid are yet to be seen, I wish here to consider its legal implications and particularly the third-party obligations to which it gives rise.
The international community has repeatedly affirmed its commitment to Palestinian self-determination. In general terms, its normative obligations to the Palestinian people can be divided into three categories. First, there is a moral duty, arising both from humanitarian interest and from the international community’s exceptionally pronounced role in the protracted conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, to advance peace and reconciliation between the two parties. Second, there is a general legal duty, stemming from the preambles of the UN Charter and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to promote respect for the Palestinians’ human rights, which have been recognized as including the collective right to self-determination.[1] Third, there is a specific legal duty, rooted in the Geneva Conventions, to protect the rights of Palestinians living under Israeli occupation by ensuring Israeli compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL).
Effects of UN recognition on the parties’ compliance with international law
Israeli settlements in the West Bank, often built on stolen private land,[2] have…
Israel v. Palestine: Coming soon to a courtroom near you
Shortly after September 11, 2001, former US general Charles Dunlap wrote an essay warning of the risk that “lawfare” – the application of international law to inflict strategic damage on an opponent with the aim of achieving military objectives – could be used against the US in its emerging War on Terror.[1] In a subsequent article, he elaborated on two mechanisms by which lawfare could be employed as an unconventional means of confronting democratic states off the battlefield: first, by exposing real or alleged violations of international law on the part of an opponent to weaken domestic public support, destabilize the government, and penalize decision-makers; second, by promoting an understanding of international law that results in the formulation of operational policy that is unnecessarily constrained and detrimental to the opponent’s military capabilities. The harm that results from both, he concludes, is ultimately self-inflicted and could be avoided by strict adherence to the rule of law.[2]
The consequences envisioned by Dunlap constitute only part of lawfare’s potential impact. With increasing frequency over the last decade, litigation as a means of pursuing strategic military or political objectives has been employed in the Middle East conflict against state, non-state, and private actors alike.
The most common tactic involves attempts to indict Israel’s leadership in foreign or international forums for alleged breaches of international humanitarian law. One of the most high-profile cases…
What the ICJ ruling on Kosovo could mean for Palestine
The year 2009 saw a renewed push, albeit a stunted one, for Palestinian statehood. Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad gained considerable attention in the West for his plan to oversee construction of state infrastructure from the ground up, and for his announcement that this would lead to a declaration of independence within two years. There has been notable progress, with significant growth both in the Palestinian economy and its governmental and security infrastructure. Given the current political climate in Israel, however, it seems unlikely that a bilateral peace agreement will be reached by Fayyad’s deadline. If negotiations don’t yield the results the Palestinian Authority (PA) is seeking, will it take the bold move of declaring statehood unilaterally? The Palestinians tried this gambit before, unsuccessfully, in the pre-PA days.
The success or failure of such a move largely hinges on the international community’s (and in particular, a few key players’) willingness to recognize Palestinian sovereignty against Israel’s wishes. To gain recognition as a member of the United Nations, it would require the support of at least 96 countries including all permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC).
A number of analysts have already noted similarities between the case of Palestine and that of Kosovo, which unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia two years ago next week. Though remaining nominally under UN administration under the terms of UNSC Resolution 1244, to date…
Quebec Courts Open a New Chapter on Corporate Civil Liability: Paying for War Crimes?
The Palestinian village of Bil’in is headed to the Quebec Cour d’appel, in an attempt to hold two Montreal corporations civilly liable for their actions in the occupied Palestinian territories. Justice Louis-Paul Cullen of the Superior Court ruled against the villagers in a decision handed down on September 18, 2009.
Bil’in is a tiny agricultural community of 1,800 residents located 12 kilometres west of Ramallah, well within to the 1967 Armistice line dividing Israel and the West Bank. Though it is firmly rooted in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the village has been bisected by the Israeli “Security Barrier”. The route of the barrier was deemed to be illegal, and in breach of international law by the International Court of Justice in 2004. In 2007, the High Court of Justice in Israel ordered the wall re-routed, confirming they saw no security or military reasons to maintain the current path of the wall, deeming it “highly prejudicial” to the villagers of Bil’in. Still, the wall remains in place, prompting Bil’in and its allies to seek new forums for judicial redress.
Their attorney, Israeli human rights lawyer Michael Sfard, decided a new approach was needed and began to target the corporations that he claims are complicit in the loss of Bil’in’s land. On the…
